From WWF Indonesia's records, the haze cases that entered the court until the criminal verdict in 2013 were 8 companies, some of which were Malaysian companies (such as PT. Tunggal Mitra plantation and PT. Bhumireksa Sejati) the rest were shelved, for reasons of insufficient evidence and others. Whereas now there is sophisticated technology, BP REDD (which is now merged into the Ministry of Environment and Forestry) in collaboration with WRI (World Research Institute) launched a system that can prove the origin of smoke to a height of 50 cm from the ground, a system called Karhutla Monitoring System (KMS) involves the Global Forest Watch Fires (GFW-Fires) system, an online platform to monitor and respond to forest and land fires in Southeast Asia.

The KMS works on high-resolution satellite imagery from Digital Globe (a leading provider of satellite imagery), issuing alerts from NASA in near-real time, disseminating alerts via SMS messaging system, displaying concession and land use maps, and other uses. Through the sophistication of satellites, just overlay with forestry and plantation maps can immediately determine the origin of smoke whether it comes from companies or individuals, KMS also has the latest map data because it includes data on oil palm land concession maps, timber, wood fiber processing companies, maps of protected areas, lands reached by WRI, BP REDD +, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and so on, even companies can also be charged if they collect forest products from individual plantations that clear land by burning.

However, another classic problem arises, this country has never had one map or single map, there are different perceptions of maps between government agencies, for example the map of the forestry ministry and plantations, so this is the reason for the difficulty of law enforcement.

Mitigation Efforts

There have been many mitigation efforts to overcome haze by the government, NGOs and communities. The government mobilized the existence of Manggala Agni, a special security unit to overcome forest and land fires. WWF together with the community formed a fire awareness community in West Kalimantan which aims to early detection of fire, and also seeks to make dams around peatlands, the dam will be filled with water and moisturize the peatland so that it is not flammable. A total of 520 dams have been built. This method is quite effective in preventing forest fires. Efforts are also made using the method of citizen journalism, where trained citizens report via text message if there is a forest fire in the vicinity of their residence.